House Improvement Contractors Surrey

House Improvement Contractors Surrey

Home renovation

Moreover, Canyon Property Projects tailors their services to fit your budget without compromising on quality or aesthetic appeal. They're not just about making your space look good; they're dedicated to making sure you feel good about it, too. Next, you'll receive a transparent quote, breaking down costs without any hidden fees, ensuring you're informed and comfortable before any work begins. Learn more about House Improvement Contractors Surrey here Our design philosophy emphasizes natural light, enhancing your home's warmth and reducing the need for artificial lighting. Once you give the green light, the magic begins.
Dust, noise, and the general disruption of your daily life are inevitable.

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  • Energy-efficient renovations
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  • Permit and code compliance
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This means fewer delays, unexpected costs, and overall, a smoother experience for you. So, when you're ready to step into the future of home renovation, let Canyon Property Projects be your guide. Surrey renovation project planning You'll find that our team doesn't just manage tasks; we anticipate challenges, communicate proactively, and adapt swiftly to any changes, ensuring minimal disruption to your daily life. Learn more about Canyon Property Projects Ltd. here.
They understand that you've got expectations and constraints, and they're committed to delivering your project on time and within your financial plan. Custom design-build services There's a lot more to uncover about why homeowners in House Improvement Contractors Surrey are turning to Canyon Property Projects for their renovation needs. That's why they're committed to working closely with you from the initial concept to the final touches. Some programs offer favorable terms or rebates for improvements that increase your home's energy efficiency.
Plus, their email is always open for inquiries, allowing you to get detailed information at your own pace. It's all about making informed decisions that align with your values. They even offer painting, flooring, and wall treatments to ensure every corner of your room reflects your personal style. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're not just getting a contractor; you're partnering with a team that's committed to making your renovation journey a success from start to finish.

Imagine a space where functionality meets personalized style, where every inch is optimized for your lifestyle. Electrical renovations The glowing testimonials from satisfied clients might make you wonder about the magic they can work on your property. When you're looking to transform your home, you'll find that their approach is both refreshing and highly efficient. They're available from 8 AM to 6 PM, Monday through Friday, ensuring you can discuss your project without having to rearrange your day.
With Canyon Property's project management excellence, you're not just renovating your home; you're enhancing your life. What sets Canyon Property apart is their commitment to not just meeting, but exceeding your expectations. To guarantee your satisfaction, Canyon Property Projects Ltd. employs a thorough consultation process before any work begins.
By engaging in various community projects and events, Canyon Property Projects shows its commitment to the place they work and live in.

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  • Basement finishing
  • Surrey heritage home restoration
There are no surprises or hidden fees, just a clear, concise plan of action tailored to fit your budget and timeline. Read more about House Improvement Contractors Surrey here You're encouraged to share your thoughts, adjustments, and preferences, making the process truly collaborative.
Choosing Canyon Property Projects Ltd means you're opting for a seamless blend of quality, reliability, and unmatched expertise. Water conservation is another cornerstone of our sustainable practices. You're kept in the loop with regular updates and clear timelines, making the renovation process as stress-free as possible.

Citations and other links

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Open floor plans continue to reign supreme, offering a seamless flow between living, dining, and kitchen areas.

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  8. Home office renovation
  9. Surrey custom home upgrades
  10. Interior painting
  11. Renovation cost estimates
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  13. Lighting upgrades
  14. Electrical renovations
  15. Bedroom remodeling
  16. Custom design-build services
  17. Porch renovation
  18. Home insulation upgrades
  19. Attic renovation
  20. Surrey home renovation company
Initially, you'll sit down with their design team to share your vision, needs, and the unique characteristics of your space. They'll discuss potential designs, materials, and the scope of work in detail, ensuring everything aligns with your expectations. Their project management approach is hands-on and proactive.

They've made it their mission to ensure that every renovation project they undertake is as unique as the individuals who live there. We'll also discuss your budget and timeline, ensuring everything aligns with your expectations from the get-go. By focusing on sustainable materials and energy-efficient designs, they're not only transforming your living spaces but also ensuring a greener, more sustainable future for the entire community.

It's not just about slapping on a new coat of paint; it's a comprehensive overhaul that breathes new life into every corner of your home. Our skilled craftsmen take pride in their work, paying close attention to every detail to ensure the final product is nothing short of perfection. Communication is key to our project management strategy.

These aren't just any workers; they're specialists in their fields, ensuring that whether you're updating a kitchen, transforming a bathroom, or adding an extension to your home, you're covered by the best in the business. Opting for Canyon Property for your home renovation in House Improvement Contractors Surrey ensures you're choosing a partner dedicated to transforming your vision into reality with unmatched precision and care. Sunroom addition It's this initial deep dive into your expectations that sets the groundwork for a renovation project that truly reflects your desires.

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Affordable Bathroom Remodeling House Improvement Contractors Surrey

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You'll notice that our designs emphasize natural light, reducing the need for artificial lighting and further decreasing energy consumption. Moreover, modular designs will allow you to reconfigure your space effortlessly as your needs change, making your home truly future-proof. We can replace windows, doors, and insulation to enhance your home's energy performance, saving you money in the long run and contributing to a healthier planet. As you imagine a future where your home evolves with your lifestyle, Canyon Property Projects offers the first step towards making that vision a reality.

We keep you in the loop from start to finish, providing regular updates and being available to answer any questions you might have. Lighting upgrades Plus, they offer detailed quotes that break down all aspects of your project, so you know exactly where your money is going. They finished ahead of schedule, and the results were beyond our dreams,' they shared.

This layout not only maximizes your space but also fosters a more connected living environment. After exploring Canyon Property Projects Ltd's commitment to sustainability, let's hear from the homeowners who've experienced their service firsthand. Canyon Property doesn't stop at aesthetics; they ensure that each space is optimized for comfort, energy efficiency, and longevity.

They don't just renovate spaces; they transform them into personalized sanctuaries that reflect who you are. You'll notice the difference this makes the moment you step into a space transformed by Canyon Property Projects. With Canyon Property Projects Ltd., your renovation journey is as distinctive as your home.

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Our team of experts specializes in transforming spaces to reflect your unique style and improve functionality. We don't just stop at the basics; we also offer custom carpentry, enabling unique additions that make your home truly yours. Let's transform your house into the home of your dreams, with every detail reflecting our commitment to excellence and your personal style. Her approach is collaborative, always keeping your vision at the forefront while introducing innovative design elements that push the boundaries of traditional home decor. Building on our commitment to quality and tailored solutions, we've expanded our service offerings to meet even more of your home renovation needs.

Instead, you're investing in quality workmanship that stands the test of time. You'll appreciate how they listen to your ideas, providing innovative solutions that blend your vision with practicality and style.

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Need custom cabinetry? In a market as competitive as House Improvement Contractors Surrey's, standing out for the right reasons is crucial.

You can tweak designs, swap out finishes, and adjust layouts in real-time, ensuring the final product is exactly what you envisioned. That's why they're dedicated to crafting spaces that you'll love for years to come, ensuring every project is a testament to their pioneering craftsmanship excellence. So, if you're looking to break free from the mundane and embrace a home that's tailor-made for you, they're the team to call. Plus, we're big on insulation.

We're not just about aesthetics; we also prioritize functionality, ensuring that your new spaces not only look beautiful but also work seamlessly for your lifestyle. You've likely noticed the buzz surrounding their innovative approach, which seamlessly blends unique design philosophies with unparalleled craftsmanship. As we peel back the layers on what makes Canyon Property Projects the go-to choice for homeowners seeking to elevate their spaces, you'll find compelling reasons why their approach to customized living spaces and sustainable building practices not only meets but exceeds expectations. Don't settle for a home that's only partly what you want.

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It's testimonials like these that underscore the company's reputation as a leader in eco-conscious renovations, solidifying its place as the preferred choice for homeowners in House Improvement Contractors Surrey looking to enhance their living spaces responsibly. It's not just about renovating homes; it's about rebuilding trust and forging lasting relationships with homeowners and local businesses alike. We also navigate the complexities of planning and permits, making the process as seamless as possible.

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  1. Energy-efficient renovations
  2. Plumbing upgrades
  3. Permit and code compliance
  4. Entertainment room renovation
  5. Aging-in-place renovations
  6. Roofing and gutters
  7. Living room renovation
  8. Home office renovation
  9. Surrey custom home upgrades
  10. Interior painting
  11. Renovation cost estimates
  12. Interior remodeling
  13. Countertop installation
  14. Sunroom addition
  15. Basement suite construction
  16. Surrey renovation project planning
  17. Window replacement
They're not satisfied until you're looking at your newly renovated space with complete satisfaction. Embarking on your renovation journey, you'll first engage in a detailed consultation to align our vision with your dreams. Bedroom remodeling

So, when you choose Canyon Property Projects, you're not just upgrading your home; you're becoming part of a larger story of community enhancement and legacy building. They've got a knack for keeping things running smoothly, no matter how complex your vision is. For families needing to accommodate remote work or homeschooling, Canyon incorporates smart storage solutions and adaptable furniture into their designs. Their commitment to sustainable practices means you're not just investing in your home, but also in the future.

Our team works closely with you at every step, ensuring that your vision comes to life exactly as you've imagined it. You're always just a call or click away from starting your home renovation journey. This document outlines the project scope, timeline, and an accurate quotation. Think solar panels, energy-saving appliances, and repurposed materials.

We strive to minimize this impact by maintaining a tidy work site, adhering to agreed-upon work hours, and keeping open lines of communication so you're never left wondering what's happening next. Their ability to consistently exceed expectations is what sets them apart in the competitive renovation industry. It's about adapting to changes, managing resources wisely, and ensuring quality control throughout every phase. It's not just about a makeover; it's about creating a space that reflects your personality and meets your lifestyle needs.

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They'll work closely with you to understand your vision, ensuring that every inch of your home reflects your personality and lifestyle.

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  • Interior remodeling
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  • Plumbing upgrades
  • Permit and code compliance
  • Entertainment room renovation
  • Aging-in-place renovations
  • Roofing and gutters
  • Living room renovation
  • Home office renovation
  • Surrey custom home upgrades
But what sets them apart isn't just their craftsmanship-it's their approach to each project, ensuring every detail reflects the homeowner's vision and needs. You've seen the before and after photos, but it's the stories behind these transformations that truly speak volumes. You'll find that their testimonials reflect not just satisfaction but genuine appreciation for the work done. Porch renovation The interest rates are usually favorable, making it a popular choice.

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  • Home office renovation
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  • Interior painting
  • Renovation cost estimates
  • Interior remodeling
  • Sunroom addition
  • Basement suite construction
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  • Window replacement

You're involved every step of the way, from the initial sketches to the final approval. Imagine stepping into a home that not only reflects your personality but also adapts to your lifestyle changes over time. Basement finishing Moreover, Canyon Property prioritizes transparent communication. Now that we've explored your financing options, let's tackle the challenges you might face during your home renovation project with Canyon Property Projects.

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  • Roofing and gutters
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You're not just updating your space; you're reimagining it to fit your lifestyle perfectly. Transforming your kitchen with these innovative ideas doesn't just elevate your home; it changes how you live in it. One homeowner shares, 'They transformed our kitchen while sticking to green materials. Plus, their commitment to sustainability means you can enjoy a more energy-efficient home, reducing your carbon footprint while saving on utility bills. Attic renovation
You'll receive regular updates and have direct access to your project manager, who'll be more than happy to address any concerns or adjustments you might've in mind. Whether it's modernizing the living areas with state-of-the-art technology or turning your bathroom into a spa-like retreat, they've got the expertise to make it happen. Luxury home remodeling Surrey They're not just about updating a single room; they're here to revolutionize the way you live in your space. What really makes us stand out is our commitment to transparency and communication.

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Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

[edit]

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

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A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

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In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

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In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

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Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

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Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

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Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

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A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

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Frequently Asked Questions

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